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Health Care · Report · File No. 261105-085

Wisconsin reports first measles death since 1990 as U.S. toll rises this year

An infant in Wisconsin has died of measles, the state's first such death in decades and the third reported in the U.S. this week. Eight Americans have now died of measles this year, the most since 1991, as vaccination rates fall.

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Kathy Hochul
Kathy Hochul. Photo: Metropolitan Transportation Authority, CC BY 4.0

An infant in Wisconsin has died of measles, the state's health department said Thursday. It is Wisconsin's first measles-related death since 1990, and the third measles death reported in the U.S. this week 12.

A coroner listed measles as the infant's immediate cause of death, according to the Wisconsin Department of Health Services. The department said it is not releasing more information about the case or the child to protect the family's privacy 2.

"Any death of a child is a tragedy and even more so when it is related to a vaccine-preventable disease," said DHS Secretary Kirsten Johnson. "Measles can cause serious illness and death, and it is important for all Wisconsinites to evaluate their risk and take steps to protect themselves and their family" 2.

Wisconsin has reported 431 measles cases in 13 counties so far in 2026, as of Nov. 3, the highest count in the state in more than 35 years. Nine people have been hospitalized. The state's total was 335 on Oct. 27, meaning it added nearly 100 patients in about one week 2.

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Most of the Wisconsin cases are from an outbreak in Grant, Lafayette, Iowa and Vernon counties in the southwest of the state. The state said the cases are related to out-of-state travel, but the exact source of the infections is unknown 2.

Three deaths in one week

The Wisconsin death came one day after Pennsylvania's health department reported a measles-associated death — the state's sixth this year. The department said Wednesday that an unvaccinated resident in Jefferson County who tested positive for measles had died 1.

Two days before that, New York health officials announced that a child in Lewis County had died of measles. Gov. Kathy Hochul declared a statewide disaster emergency over measles in early October 1.

In total, the U.S. has recorded eight measles-associated deaths this year, according to state health department data — the highest measles death toll in the country since 1991. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has confirmed four of those deaths and says it will update its count "as additional information becomes available and relevant reviews are completed" 1.

None of the eight people who died were vaccinated, according to state health departments; some were ineligible because of their age or health status. Typically, the first dose of the vaccine is given around a child's first birthday 1.

Pennsylvania's outbreak, which began in April, is by far the largest in the country, with a case total approaching 1,500 across 45 counties. Nationally, the CDC has confirmed 4,852 measles cases this year — more than double last year's count and the highest number since 1991 1.

The rise is linked, in part, to a decline in vaccination rates across the country. Two doses of the measles vaccine are 97% effective against the disease 1.

What happens next

Measles has been considered eliminated in the U.S. since 2000, a designation that means the virus is no longer constantly circulating, though occasional outbreaks can occur. The Pan American Health Organization, a group within the World Health Organization, will meet next week to decide whether the U.S. should lose that status 1.

Measles is particularly dangerous for babies and young children. Roughly 1 to 3 out of every 1,000 children with measles die from respiratory and neurological complications, according to the CDC. Severe cases can lead to pneumonia or swelling of the brain 1.

That matters because measles spreads easily — the virus can stay in the air for two hours after a sick person coughs or sneezes — and adults who are unsure of their vaccination status can check with a doctor or, in Wisconsin, the state's Immunization Registry 2.

The Record

  1. Wisconsin reported 335 measles cases; by Nov. 3 the count had reached 431 2.
  2. New York officials announced a child in Lewis County had died of measles 1.
  3. Pennsylvania reported a measles-associated death, its sixth this year, in an unvaccinated Jefferson County resident 1.
  4. Wisconsin reported an infant's measles death, its first since 1990 and the third U.S. measles death that week 12.
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Sources

  1. NBC News, “Wisconsin reports its first measles death in decades, the third in the U.S. this week” (2026-11-05). nbcnews.com/health/health-news/wisconsin-measles-death-us-th
  2. wbay.com, “Infant dies in Wisconsin measles outbreak, first such death since 1990” (2026-11-05). wbay.com/2026/11/05/infant-dies-wisconsin-measles-outbreak-f

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